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(a)
This subpart prescribes the requirements governing
the certification and operation of aviation training
centers. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this
section, this part provides an alternative means to
accomplish training required by parts 61, 63, 91,
121, 125, 127, 135, or 137 of this chapter.
(b)
Certification under this part is not required for
training that is—
(1)
Approved under the provisions of parts 63, 91, 121,
127, 135, or 137 of this chapter;
(2)
Approved under SACAR 58, Advanced Qualification
Programs, for the authorization holder's own
employees;
(3)
Conducted under part 61 unless that part requires
certification under this part;
(4)
Conducted by a part 121 certificate holder for
another part 121 certificate holder;
(5)
Conducted by a part 135 certificate holder for
another part 135 certificate holder; or
(6)
Conducted by a part 91 fractional ownership program
manager for another part 91 fractional ownership
program manager.
(c)
Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section,
no person may conduct training, testing, or checking
in advanced flight training devices or flight
simulators without, or in violation of, the
certificate and training specifications required by
this part.
As
used in this part:
Advanced Flight Training Device
as used in this part, means a flight training device as defined in part
61 of this chapter that has a cockpit that
accurately replicates a specific make, model, and
type aircraft cockpit, and handling characteristics
that accurately model the aircraft handling
characteristics.
Core
Curriculum
means a set of courses approved by the
Administrator, for use by a training center and its
satellite training centers. The core curriculum
consists of training which is required for
certification. It does not include training for
tasks and circumstances unique to a particular user.
Course
means—
(1)
A program of instruction to obtain pilot
certification, qualification, authorization, or
currency;
(2)
A program of instruction to meet a specified number
of requirements of a program for pilot training,
certification, qualification, authorization, or
currency; or
(3)
A curriculum, or curriculum segment, as defined in
CAR 58 of part 121 of this chapter.
Courseware
means instructional material developed for each
course or curriculum, including lesson plans, flight
event descriptions, computer software programs,
audiovisual programs, workbooks, and handouts.
Evaluator
means a person employed by a training center
certificate holder who performs tests for
certification, added ratings, authorizations, and
proficiency checks that are authorized by the
certificate holder's training specification, and who
is authorized by the Administrator to administer
such checks and tests.
Flight training equipment
means flight simulators, as defined in 61.1(b)(5) of
this chapter, flight training devices, as defined in
61.1(b)(7) of this chapter, and aircraft.
Instructor
means a person employed by a training center and
designated to provide instruction in accordance with
subpart C of this part.
Line-Operational Simulation
means simulation conducted using
operational-oriented flight scenarios that
accurately replicate interaction among flight-crew
members and between flight-crew members and dispatch
facilities, other crew-members, air traffic control,
and ground operations. Line operational simulation
simulations are conducted for training and
evaluation purposes and include random, abnormal,
and emergency occurrences. Line operational
simulation specifically includes line-oriented
flight training, special purpose operational
training, and line operational evaluation.
Specialty Curriculum
means a set of courses that is designed to satisfy a
requirement of the AFRO-CAA Regulations and that is
approved by the Administrator for use by a
particular training center or satellite training
center. The specialty curriculum includes training
requirements unique to one or more training center
clients.
Training center
means an organization governed by the applicable
requirements of this part that provides training,
testing, and checking under contract or other
arrangement to airmen subject to the requirements of
this chapter.
Training program
consists of courses, courseware, facilities, flight
training equipment, and personnel necessary to
accomplish a specific training objective. It may
include a core curriculum and a specialty
curriculum.
Training specifications
means a document issued to a training center
certificate holder by the Administrator that
prescribes that center's training, checking, and
testing authorizations and limitations, and
specifies training program requirements.
(a)
No person may operate a certificated training center
without, or in violation of, a training center
certificate and training specifications issued under
this part.
(b)
An applicant will be issued a training center
certificate and training specifications with
appropriate limitations if the applicant shows that
it has adequate facilities, equipment, personnel,
and courseware required by 142.11 to conduct
training approved under 142.37.
(a)
Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section,
a training center certificate issued under this part
is effective until the certificate is surrendered or
until the Administrator suspends, revokes, or
terminates it.
(b)
Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked, a
certificate issued under this part for a training
center located outside the AFRO-CAA member States
expires at the end of the twelfth month after the
month in which it is issued or renewed.
(c)
If the Administrator suspends, revokes, or
terminates a training center certificate, the holder
of that certificate shall return the certificate to
the Administrator within 5 working days after being
notified that the certificate is suspended, revoked,
or terminated.
(a)
The Administrator may issue deviations or waivers
from any of the requirements of this part.
(b)
A training center applicant requesting a deviation
or waiver under this section must provide the
Administrator with information acceptable to the
Administrator that shows—
(1)
Justification for the deviation or waiver; and
(2)
That the deviation or waiver will not adversely
affect the quality of instruction or evaluation.
(a)
An application for a training center certificate and
training specifications shall—
(1)
Be made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the
Administrator;
(2)
Be filed with the AFRO-CAA Office that has
jurisdiction over the area in which the applicant's
principal business office is located; and
(3)
Be made at least 120 calendar days before the
beginning of any proposed training or 60 calendar
days before effecting an amendment to any approved
training, unless a shorter filing period is approved
by the Administrator.
(b)
Each application for a training center certificate
and training specification shall provide—
(1)
A statement showing that the minimum qualification
requirements for each management position are met or
exceeded;
(2)
A statement acknowledging that the applicant shall
notify the Administrator within 10 working days of
any change made in the assignment of persons in the
required management positions;
(3)
The proposed training authorizations and training
specifications requested by the applicant;
(4)
The proposed evaluation authorization;
(5)
A description of the flight training equipment that
the applicant proposes to use;
(6)
A description of the applicant's training
facilities, equipment, qualifications of personnel
to be used, and proposed evaluation plans;
(7)
A training program curriculum, including syllabi,
outlines, courseware, procedures, and documentation
to support the items required in subpart B of this
part, upon request by the Administrator;
(8)
A description of a recordkeeping system that will
identify and document the details of training,
qualification, and certification of students,
instructors, and evaluators;
(9)
A description of quality control measures proposed;
and
(10)
A method of demonstrating the applicant's
qualification and ability to provide training for a
certificate or rating in fewer than the minimum
hours prescribed in part 61 of this chapter if the
applicant proposes to do so.
(c)
The facilities and equipment described in paragraph
(b)(6) of this section shall—
(1)
Be available for inspection and evaluation prior to
approval; and
(2)
Be in place and operational at the location of the
proposed training center prior to issuance of a
certificate under this part.
(d)
An applicant who meets the requirements of this part
and is approved by the Administrator is entitled to—
(1)
A training center certificate containing all
business names included on the application under
which the certificate holder may conduct operations
and the address of each business office used by the
certificate holder; and
(2)
Training specifications, issued by the Administrator
to the certificate holder, containing—
(i)
The type of training authorized, including approved
courses;
(ii)
The category, class, and type of aircraft that may
be used for training, testing, and checking;
(iii) For each flight simulator or flight training
device, the make, model, and series of airplane or
the set of airplanes being simulated and the
qualification level assigned, or the make, model,
and series of rotorcraft, or set of rotorcraft being
simulated and the qualification level assigned;
(iv)
For each flight simulator and flight training device
subject to qualification evaluation by the
Administrator, the identification number assigned by
the AFRO-CAA;
(v)
The name and address of all satellite training
centers, and the approved courses offered at each
satellite training center;
(vi)
Authorized deviations or waivers from this part; and
(vii) Any other items the Administrator may require
or allow.
(e)
The Administrator may deny, suspend, revoke, or
terminate a certificate under this part if the
Administrator finds that the applicant or the
certificate holder—
(1)
Held a training center certificate that was revoked,
suspended, or terminated within the previous 5
years; or
(2)
Employs or proposes to employ a person who—
(i)
Was previously employed in a management or
supervisory position by the holder of a training
center certificate that was revoked, suspended, or
terminated within the previous 5 years;
(ii)
Exercised control over any certificate holder whose
certificate has been revoked, suspended, or
terminated within the last 5 years; and
(iii) Contributed materially to the revocation,
suspension, or termination of that certificate and
who will be employed in a management or supervisory
position, or who will be in control of or have a
substantial ownership interest in the training
center.
(3)
Has provided incomplete, inaccurate, fraudulent, or
false information for a training center certificate;
(4)
Should not be granted a certificate if the grant
would not foster aviation safety.
(f)
At any time, the Administrator may amend a training
center certificate—
(1)
On the Administrator's own initiative, under the
Aviation Act of AFRO-CAA member States, as amended;
or
(2)
Upon timely application by the certificate holder.
(g)
The certificate holder must file an application to
amend a training center certificate at least 60
calendar days prior to the applicant's proposed
effective amendment date unless a different filing
period is approved by the Administrator.
An
applicant for a training center certificate must
show that—
(a)
For each proposed curriculum, the training center
has, and shall maintain, a sufficient number of
instructors who are qualified in accordance with
subpart C of this part to perform the duties to
which they are assigned;
(b)
The training center has designated, and shall
maintain, a sufficient number of approved evaluators
to provide required checks and tests to graduation
candidates within 7 calendar days of training
completion for any curriculum leading to airman
certificates or ratings, or both;
(c)
The training center has, and shall maintain, a
sufficient number of management personnel who are
qualified and competent to perform required duties;
and
(d)
A management representative, and all personnel who
are designated by the training center to conduct
direct student training, are able to understand,
read, write, and fluently speak the English
language.
(a)
An applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate shall ensure that—
(1)
Each room, training booth, or other space used for
instructional purposes is heated, lighted, and
ventilated to conform to local building, sanitation,
and health codes; and
(2)
The facilities used for instruction are not
routinely subject to significant distractions caused
by flight operations and maintenance operations at
the airport.
(b)
An applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate shall establish and maintain a principal
business office that is physically located at the
address shown on its training center certificate.
(c)
The records required to be maintained by this part
must be located in facilities adequate for that
purpose.
(d)
An applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate must have available exclusively, for
adequate periods of time and at a location approved
by the Administrator, adequate flight training
equipment and courseware, including at least one
flight simulator or advanced flight training device.
(a)
The holder of a training center certificate may
conduct training in accordance with an approved
training program at a satellite training center if—
(1)
The facilities, equipment, personnel, and course
content of the satellite training center meet the
applicable requirements of this part;
(2)
The instructors and evaluators at the satellite
training center are under the direct supervision of
management personnel of the principal training
center;
(3)
The Administrator is notified in writing that a
particular satellite is to begin operations at least
60 days prior to proposed commencement of operations
at the satellite training center; and
(4)
The certificate holder's training specifications
reflect the name and address of the satellite
training center and the approved courses offered at
the satellite training center.
(b)
The certificate holder's training specifications
shall prescribe the operations required and
authorized at each satellite training center.
(a)
Each holder of a training center certificate must
prominently display that certificate in a place
accessible to the public in the principal business
office of the training center.
(b)
A training center certificate and training
specifications must be made available for inspection
upon request by—
(1)
The Administrator;
(2)
An authorized representative of the National
Transportation Safety Board; or
(3)
Any Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency.
Each
certificate holder must allow the Administrator to
inspect training center facilities, equipment, and
records at any reasonable time and in any reasonable
place in order to determine compliance with or to
determine initial or continuing eligibility under
AFRO-CAA member States Aviation Acts, as amended,
and the training center's certificate and training
specifications.
(a)
A certificate holder may not conduct, and may not
advertise to conduct, any training, testing, and
checking that is not approved by the Administrator
if that training is designed to satisfy any
requirement of this chapter.
(b)
A certificate holder whose certificate has been
surrendered, suspended, revoked, or terminated must—
(1)
Promptly remove all indications, including signs,
wherever located, that the training center was
certificated by the Administrator; and
(2)
Promptly notify all advertising agents, or
advertising media, or both, employed by the
certificate holder to cease all advertising
indicating that the training center is certificated
by the Administrator.
A
pilot school certificated under part 141 of this
chapter may provide training, testing, and checking
for a training center certificated under this part
if—
(a)
There is a training, testing, and checking agreement
between the certificated training center and the
pilot school;
(b)
The training, testing, and checking provided by the
certificated pilot school is approved and conducted
in accordance with this part;
(c)
The pilot school certificated under part 141 obtains
the Administrator's approval for a training course
outline that includes the portion of the training,
testing, and checking to be conducted under part
141; and
(d)
Upon completion of training, testing, and checking
conducted under part 141, a copy of each student's
training record is forwarded to the part 142
training center and becomes part of the student's
permanent training record.
This
subpart prescribes the curriculum and syllabus
requirements for the issuance of a training center
certificate and training specifications for
training, testing, and checking conducted to meet
the requirements of part 61 of this chapter.
(a)
Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section,
each applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate must apply to the Administrator for
training program approval.
(b)
A curriculum approved under ACAR 58 of part 121 of
this chapter is approved under this part without
modifications.
(c)
Application for training program approval shall be
made in a form and in a manner acceptable to the
Administrator.
(d)
Each application for training program approval must
indicate—
(1)
Which courses are part of the core curriculum and
which courses are part of the specialty curriculum;
(2)
Which requirements of part 61 of this chapter would
be satisfied by the curriculum or curriculums; and
(3)
Which requirements of part 61 of this chapter would
not be satisfied by the curriculum or curriculums.
(e)
If, after a certificate holder begins operations
under an approved training program, the
Administrator finds that the certificate holder is
not meeting the provisions of its approved training
program, the Administrator may require the
certificate holder to make revisions to that
training program.
(f)
If the Administrator requires a certificate holder
to make revisions to an approved training program
and the certificate holder does not make those
required revisions, within 30 calendar days, the
Administrator may suspend, revoke, or terminate the
training center certificate under the provisions of
142.11(e).
Each
training program curriculum submitted to the
Administrator for approval must meet the applicable
requirements of this part and must contain—
(a)
A syllabus for each proposed curriculum;
(b)
Minimum aircraft and flight training equipment
requirements for each proposed curriculum;
(c)
Minimum instructor and evaluator qualifications for
each proposed curriculum;
(d)
A curriculum for initial training and continuing
training of each instructor or evaluator employed to
instruct in a proposed curriculum; and
(e)
For each curriculum that provides for the issuance
of a certificate or rating in fewer than the minimum
hours prescribed by part 61 of this chapter—
(1)
A means of demonstrating the ability to accomplish
such training in the reduced number of hours; and
(2)
A means of tracking student performance.
This
subpart prescribes the personnel and flight training
equipment requirements for a certificate holder that
is training to meet the requirements of part 61 of
this chapter.
(a)
A certificate holder may not employ a person as an
instructor in a flight training course that is
subject to approval by the Administrator unless that
person—
(1)
Is at least 18 years of age;
(2)
Is able to read, write, and speak and understand in
the English, French or Arabic language;
(3)
If instructing in an aircraft in flight, is
qualified in accordance with subpart H of this
chapter;
(4)
Satisfies the requirements of paragraph (c) of this
section; and
(5)
Meets at least one of the following requirements—
(i)
Except as allowed by paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this
section, meets the aeronautical experience
requirements of 61.129 (a), (b), (c), or (e) of this
chapter, as applicable, excluding the required hours
of instruction in preparation for the commercial
pilot practical test;
(ii)
If instructing in flight simulator or flight
training device that represents an airplane
requiring a type rating or if instructing in a
curriculum leading to the issuance of an airline
transport pilot certificate or an added rating to an
airline transport pilot certificate, meets the
aeronautical experience requirements of 61.159,
61.161, or 61.163 of this chapter, as applicable; or
(iii) Is employed as a flight simulator instructor
or a flight training device instructor for a
training center providing instruction and testing to
meet the requirements of part 61 of this chapter on
August 1, 1996.
(b)
A training center must designate each instructor in
writing to instruct in each approved course, prior
to that person functioning as an instructor in that
course.
(c)
Prior to initial designation, each instructor shall:
(1)
Complete at least 8 hours of ground training on the
following subject matter:
(i)
Instruction methods and techniques.
(ii)
Training policies and procedures.
(iii) The fundamental principles of the learning
process.
(iv)
Instructor duties, privileges, responsibilities, and
limitations.
(v)
Proper operation of simulation controls and systems.
(vi)
Proper operation of environmental control and
warning or caution panels.
(vii) Limitations of simulation.
(viii) Minimum equipment requirements for each
curriculum.
(ix)
Revisions to the training courses.
(x)
Cockpit resource management and crew coordination.
(2)
Satisfactorily complete a written test—
(i)
On the subjects specified in paragraph (c)(1) of
this section; and
(ii)
That is accepted by the Administrator as being of
equivalent difficulty, complexity, and scope as the
tests provided by the Administrator for the flight
instructor airplane and instrument flight instructor
knowledge tests.
(a)
A certificate holder may allow an instructor to
provide:
(1)
Instruction for each curriculum for which that
instructor is qualified.
(2)
Testing and checking for which that instructor is
qualified.
(3)
Instruction, testing, and checking intended to
satisfy the requirements of any part of this
chapter.
(b)
A training center whose instructor or evaluator is
designated in accordance with the requirements of
this subpart to conduct training, testing, or
checking in qualified and approved flight training
equipment, may allow its instructor or evaluator to
give endorsements required by part 61 of this
chapter if that instructor or evaluator is
authorized by the Administrator to instruct or
evaluate in a part 142 curriculum that requires such
endorsements.
(c)
A training center may not allow an instructor to—
(1)
Excluding briefings and debriefings, conduct more
than 8 hours of instruction in any
24-consecutive-hour period;
(2)
Provide flight training equipment instruction unless
that instructor meets the requirements of 142.53
(a)(1) through (a)(4), and 142.53(b), as applicable;
or
(3)
Provide flight instruction in an aircraft unless
that instructor—
(i)
Meets the requirements of 142.53(a)(1), (a)(2), and
(a)(5);
(ii)
Is qualified and authorized in accordance with
subpart H of part 61 of this chapter;
(iii) Holds certificates and ratings specified by
part 61 of this chapter appropriate to the category,
class, and type aircraft in which instructing;
(iv)
If instructing or evaluating in an aircraft in
flight while occupying a required crew-member seat,
holds at least a valid second class medical
certificate; and
(v)
Meets the recency of experience requirements of part
61 of this chapter.
(a)
Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section,
prior to designation and every 12 calendar months
beginning the first day of the month following an
instructor's initial designation, a certificate
holder must ensure that each of its instructors
meets the following requirements:
(1)
Each instructor must satisfactorily demonstrate to
an authorized evaluator knowledge of, and
proficiency in, instructing in a representative
segment of each curriculum for which that instructor
is designated to instruct under this part.
(2)
Each instructor must satisfactorily complete an
approved course of ground instruction in at least—
(i)
The fundamental principles of the learning process;
(ii)
Elements of effective teaching, instruction methods,
and techniques;
(iii) Instructor duties, privileges,
responsibilities, and limitations;
(iv)
Training policies and procedures;
(v)
Cockpit resource management and crew coordination;
and
(vi)
Evaluation.
(3)
Each instructor who instructs in a qualified and
approved flight simulator or flight training device
must satisfactorily complete an approved course of
training in the operation of the flight simulator,
and an approved course of ground instruction,
applicable to the training courses the instructor is
designated to instruct.
(4)
The flight simulator training course required by
paragraph (a)(3) of this section which must include—
(i)
Proper operation of flight simulator and flight
training device controls and systems;
(ii)
Proper operation of environmental and fault panels;
(iii) Limitations of simulation; and
(iv)
Minimum equipment requirements for each curriculum.
(5)
Each flight instructor who provides training in an
aircraft must satisfactorily complete an approved
course of ground instruction and flight training in
an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training
device.
(6)
The approved course of ground instruction and flight
training required by paragraph (a)(5) of this
section which must include instruction in—
(i)
Performance and analysis of flight training
procedures and maneuvers applicable to the training
courses that the instructor is designated to
instruct;
(ii)
Technical subjects covering aircraft subsystems and
operating rules applicable to the training courses
that the instructor is designated to instruct;
(iii) Emergency operations;
(iv)
Emergency situations likely to develop during
training; and
(v)
Appropriate safety measures.
(7)
Each instructor who instructs in qualified and
approved flight training equipment must pass a
written test and annual proficiency check—
(i)
In the flight training equipment in which the
instructor will be instructing; and
(ii)
On the subject matter and maneuvers of a
representative segment of each curriculum for which
the instructor will be instructing.
(b)
In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1)
through (a)(7) of this section, each certificate
holder must ensure that each instructor who
instructs in a flight simulator that the
Administrator has approved for all training and all
testing for the airline transport pilot
certification test, aircraft type rating test, or
both, has met at least one of the following three
requirements:
(1)
Each instructor must have performed 2 hours in
flight, including three take-offs and three landings
as the sole manipulator of the controls of an
aircraft of the same category and class, and, if a
type rating is required, of the same type replicated
by the approved flight simulator in which that
instructor is designated to instruct;
(2)
Each instructor must have participated in an
approved line-observation program under part 121 or
part 135 of this chapter, and that—
(i)
Was accomplished in the same airplane type as the
airplane represented by the flight simulator in
which that instructor is designated to instruct; and
(ii)
Included line-oriented flight training of at least 1
hour of flight during which the instructor was the
sole manipulator of the controls in a flight
simulator that replicated the same type aircraft for
which that instructor is designated to instruct; or
(3)
Each instructor must have participated in an
approved in-flight observation training course that—
(i)
Consisted of at least 2 hours of flight time in an
airplane of the same type as the airplane replicated
by the flight simulator in which the instructor is
designated to instruct; and
(ii)
Included line-oriented flight training of at least 1
hour of flight during which the instructor was the
sole manipulator of the controls in a flight
simulator that replicated the same type aircraft for
which that instructor is designated to instruct.
(c)
An instructor who satisfactorily completes a
curriculum required by paragraph (a) or (b) of this
section in the calendar month before or after the
month in which it is due is considered to have taken
it in the month in which it was due for the purpose
of computing when the next training is due.
(d)
The Administrator may give credit for the
requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section
to an instructor who has satisfactorily completed an
instructor training course for a part 121 or part
135 certificate holder if the Administrator finds
such a course equivalent to the requirements of
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
(a)
Except as provided by paragraph (d) of this section,
a training center must ensure that each person
authorized as an evaluator—
(1)
Is approved by the Administrator;
(2)
Is in compliance with 142.47, 142.49, and 142.53 and
applicable sections of part 187 of this chapter; and
(3)
Prior to designation, and except as provided in
paragraph (b) of this section, every
12-calendar-month period following initial
designation, the certificate holder must ensure that
the evaluator satisfactorily completes a curriculum
that includes the following:
(i)
Evaluator duties, functions, and responsibilities;
(ii)
Methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting
required tests and checks;
(iii) Evaluation of pilot performance; and
(iv)
Management of unsatisfactory tests and subsequent
corrective action; and
(4)
If evaluating in qualified and approved flight
training equipment must satisfactorily pass a
written test and annual proficiency check in a
flight simulator or aircraft in which the evaluator
will be evaluating.
(b)
An evaluator who satisfactorily completes a
curriculum required by paragraph (a) of this section
in the calendar month before or the calendar month
after the month in which it is due is considered to
have taken it in the month is which it was due for
the purpose of computing when the next training is
due.
(c)
The Administrator may give credit for the
requirements of paragraph (a)(3) of this section to
an evaluator who has satisfactorily completed an
evaluator training course for a part 121 or part 135
certificate holder if the Administrator finds such a
course equivalent to the requirements of paragraph
(a)(3) of this section.
(d)
An evaluator who is qualified under ACAR 58 shall be
authorized to conduct evaluations under the Advanced
Qualification Program without complying with the
requirements of this section.
(a)
An applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate must ensure that each aircraft used for
flight instruction and solo flights meets the
following requirements:
(1)
Except for flight instruction and solo flights in a
curriculum for agricultural aircraft operations,
external load operations, and similar aerial work
operations, the aircraft must have an AFRO-CAA
standard airworthiness certificate or a foreign
equivalent of an AFRO-CAA standard airworthiness
certificate, acceptable to the Administrator.
(2)
The aircraft must be maintained and inspected in
accordance with—
(i)
The requirements of part 91, subpart E, of this
chapter; and
(ii)
An approved program for maintenance and inspection.
(3)
The aircraft must be equipped as provided in the
training specifications for the approved course for
which it is used.
(b)
Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section,
an applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate must ensure that each aircraft used for
flight instruction is at least a two-place aircraft
with engine power controls and flight controls that
are easily reached and that operate in a
conventional manner from both pilot stations.
(c)
Airplanes with controls such as nose-wheel steering,
switches, fuel selectors, and engine air flow
controls that are not easily reached and operated in
a conventional manner by both pilots may be used for
flight instruction if the certificate holder
determines that the flight instruction can be
conducted in a safe manner considering the location
of controls and their non-conventional operation, or
both.
(a)
An applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate must show that each flight simulator and
flight training device used for training, testing,
and checking (except AQP) will be or is specifically
qualified and approved by the Administrator for—
(1)
Each maneuver and procedure for the make, model, and
series of aircraft, set of aircraft, or aircraft
type simulated, as applicable; and
(2)
Each curriculum or training course in which the
flight simulator or flight training device is used,
if that curriculum or course is used to satisfy any
requirement of 14 CFR chapter I.
(b)
The approval required by paragraph (a)(2) of this
section must include—
(1)
The set of aircraft, or type aircraft;
(2)
If applicable, the particular variation within type,
for which the training, testing, or checking is
being conducted; and
(3)
The particular maneuver, procedure, or crew-member
function to be performed.
(c)
Each qualified and approved flight simulator or
flight training device used by a training center
must—
(1)
Be maintained to ensure the reliability of the
performances, functions, and all other
characteristics that were required for
qualification;
(2)
Be modified to conform with any modification to the
aircraft being simulated if the modification results
in changes to performance, function, or other
characteristics required for qualification;
(3)
Be given a functional preflight check each day
before being used; and
(4)
Have a discrepancy log in which the instructor or
evaluator, at the end of each training session,
enters each discrepancy.
(d)
Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator,
each component on a qualified and approved flight
simulator or flight training device used by a
training center must be operative if the component
is essential to, or involved in, the training,
testing, or checking of airmen.
(e)
Training centers shall not be restricted to
specific—
(1)
Route segments during line-oriented flight training
scenarios; and
(2)
Visual data bases replicating a specific customer's
bases of operation.
(f)
Training centers may request evaluation,
qualification, and continuing evaluation for
qualification of flight simulators and flight
training devices without—
(1)
Holding an air carrier certificate; or
(2)
Having a specific relationship to an air carrier
certificate holder.
This
subpart prescribes the operating rules applicable to
a training center certificated under this part and
operating a course or training program curriculum
approved in accordance with subpart B of this part.
A
certificate holder may allow flight simulator
instructors and evaluators to meet recency of
experience requirements through the use of a
qualified and approved flight simulator or qualified
and approved flight training device if that flight
simulator or flight training device is—
(a)
Used in a course approved in accordance with subpart
B of this part; or
(b)
Approved under the Advanced Qualification Program
for meeting recency of experience requirements.
(a)
A certificate holder shall—
(1)
Ensure that a flight simulator or flight training
device freeze, slow motion, or repositioning feature
is not used during testing or checking; and
(2)
Ensure that a repositioning feature is used during
line operational simulation for evaluation and
line-oriented flight training only to advance along
a flight route to the point where the descent and
approach phase of the flight begins.
(b)
When flight testing, flight checking, or line
operational simulation is being conducted, the
certificate holder must ensure that one of the
following occupies each crew-member position:
(1)
A crew-member qualified in the aircraft category,
class, and type, if a type rating is required,
provided that no flight instructor who is giving
instruction may occupy a crew-member position.
(2)
A student, provided that no student may be used in a
crew-member position with any other student not in
the same specific course.
(c)
The holder of a training center certificate may not
recommend a trainee for a certificate or rating,
unless the trainee—
(1)
Has satisfactorily completed the training specified
in the course approved under 142.37; and
(2)
Has passed the final tests required by 142.37.
(d)
The holder of a training center certificate may not
graduate a student from a course unless the student
has satisfactorily completed the curriculum
requirements of that course.
This
subpart prescribes the training center recordkeeping
requirements for trainees enrolled in a course, and
instructors and evaluators designated to instruct a
course, approved in accordance with subpart B of
this part.
(a)
A certificate holder must maintain a record for each
trainee that contains—
(1)
The name of the trainee;
(2)
A copy of the trainee's pilot certificate, if any,
and medical certificate;
(3)
The name of the course and the make and model of
flight training equipment used;
(4)
The trainee's prerequisite experience and course
time completed;
(5)
The trainee's performance on each lesson and the
name of the instructor providing instruction;
(6)
The date and result of each end-of-course practical
test and the name of the evaluator conducting the
test; and
(7)
The number of hours of additional training that was
accomplished after any unsatisfactory practical
test.
(b)
A certificate holder shall maintain a record for
each instructor or evaluator designated to instruct
a course approved in accordance with subpart B of
this part that indicates that the instructor or
evaluator has complied with the requirements of
142.13, 142.45, 142.47, 142.49, and 142.53, as
applicable.
(c)
The certificate holder shall—
(1)
Maintain the records required by paragraphs (a) of
this section for at least 1 year following the
completion of training, testing or checking;
(2)
Maintain the qualification records required by
paragraph (b) of this section while the instructor
or evaluator is in the employ of the certificate
holder and for 1 year thereafter; and
(3)
Maintain the recurrent demonstration of proficiency
records required by paragraph (b) of this section
for at least 1 year.
(d)
The certificate holder must provide the records
required by this section to the Administrator, upon
request and at a reasonable time, and shall keep the
records required by—
(1)
Paragraph (a) of this section at the training
center, or satellite training center where the
training, testing, or checking, if appropriate,
occurred; and
(2)
Paragraph (b) of this section at the training center
or satellite training center where the instructor or
evaluator is primarily employed.
(e)
The certificate holder shall provide to a trainee,
upon request and at a reasonable time, a copy of his
or her training records.
(a)
An applicant for, or holder of, a training center
certificate may apply for approval to conduct a
course for which a curriculum is not prescribed by
this part.
(b)
The course for which application is made under
paragraph (a) of this section may be for flight
crew-members other than pilots, airmen other than
flight crew-members, material handlers, ground
servicing personnel, and security personnel, and
others approved by the Administrator.
(c)
An applicant for course approval under this subpart
must comply with the applicable requirements of
subpart A through subpart F of this part.
(d)
The Administrator approves the course for which the
application is made if the training center or
training center applicant shows that the course
contains a curriculum that will achieve a level of
competency equal to, or greater than, that required
by the appropriate part of this chapter.
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